The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel

CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1. Object of tbe writer. ~ Nature of devotion to the Virgin Mother of Good Counsel. — 2. Its rise. — 3. The locality. — 4. Translation of the miraculous Image. — 6. Advance of the devotion - St. Alphonsus Liguori, St. Aloysius, etc. — 6. Present necessity. — 7. Proofs. — 8. The Madonna of Genazzano formidable against Islam - Scanderbeg, Mark Antony Colonna, Innocent XI, Sobieski. — 9. The Islam of our days. — 10. The Madonna of Good Counsel destined to overcome it. — 11. Rewards. — 12. Special necessity for the devotion in new countries. — 13. Its consoling power for all. — 14. Faith of the Italian people preserved by the Virgin Mother. — 15. Reasons - Plan of the work - Division and contents. — 16. Miraculous cures. — 17. Chapters added on the miraculous fresco of the Crucifixion. - St. Pio. - Roman Ecclesiastical Education. - Irish Augustinians. — 18. Works consulted - Thanks to friends page 1 CHAPTER II. LATIUM 1. Its original inhabitants. — 2. Rome formed and ruled by them. — 3. Physical features, mountains, cities, memories connected with the country. — 4. General beauty of the scenery. - Dreariness of the Campagna. — 5. Malaria of the Campagna. - Calumny on the Pontifical Government - Real cause. — 6. The Revolutionists promise much and perform little. — 7. Hope comes from Australia and the persecuted monks of Italy. — 8. Beauty of the rest of Latium. - The way to see it. — 9. Habit of the agricultural population to live in towns. — 10. The reason. — 11. Ruins in Latium. — 12. Its capital, Palestrina — Injustice of a guide-book writer to its modern inhabitants. — 13. The ancient city. - Its fortunes. — 14. Palestrina Christian. - First view of Rome taken by St. Peter from its citadel. — 15. Dome of St. Peter's. — 16. Latium a Christian Land page 24 NOTE on Carpineto the birth place of Leo XIII page 26 " on the Campagna, the Tre Fontane where St. Paul was decapitated, planting of the Eucalyptus etc 32 " on Valmontone, and PaJiano the birth place of Cardinal Simeoni 46 CHAPTER III. GENAZZANO 1. Latium a great centre of idolatry. - Its celebrated temples. — 2. Practice of the Romans to blend religion with public amusements. — 3. Increase of Pagan practices in Latium during the Imperial period. - Floral games. - Place of celebration near Palestrina. - Its beauty and adaptability. - Consequences , cruel and immoral. — 4. That spot destined to be the scene of the triumph of the Cross, through the Virgin Mother of Jesus. — 5. Our means of knowing this. — 6. The Calendar of Verius Flaccus found in Palestrina. — 7. Its order for the celebration of the Floral Games in April. - The inscription. - The place. — 8. Proofs of the locality being the modern Genazzano. - Licentiousness undoubted. - Name of Genazzano derived from the ludi rjinnici. — 9. Other derivations of the name. — 10. Increase of vice in the games when the neighbouring Claudian Villa became an Impenal residence. — How this happened. — Claudius Nero and his wife Li via. — 11. Augustus besieges Li via in Palestrina. -Forces Claudius to divorce Li via and marries the latter. - Gets the villa and adopts the sons of Claudius, Tiberius and Drusus, on the death of their father. — 12. Vices of the locality increased under his successors. — 13. These continue until the conversion of Constantine. - He gives the grounds to St. Sylvester. - Record of the grant. — 14. Pope St. Mark, successor of St. Sylvester makes the place Christian. - Builds its first church, dedicated to Our Lady of Good Counsel. - Changes the popular, heathen celebrations into Christian ones. - His memory in Genazzano. — 15. Reflections of Father Buonanno on the change effected and its consequences. — 16. Their truth in view of the evils of our day, and the remedy for them in the devotion St. Mark established to Our Lady of Good Counsel page 46 NOTE. Extract from Ovid on the rites in honour of Venus page 52 " Martyrdom of St. Agapitus at Palestrina 61 CHAPTER IV. GENAZZANO CHRISTIAN 1. Situation. — 2. Climate and soil. — 3. Growth. - Churches. - Convents. — 4. Santa Maria del Buon Consiglio. — 5. The Colonnas. — 6. Their rise. - In Genazzano. - Their religious and party leanings. - Their attitude to the Popes, their sovereigns. — 7. Oddo Colonna, Pope Martin V. - Fabrizio and Victoria his daughter. — 8. Possessions and dignities of the house. — 9. Present position. — 10. Their connection with the sacred Image. — 11. Gift of the ancient church of Santa Maria del Buon Consiglio, by Giordan Colonna to the Augustinians in 1356. - Document of transfer. — 12. Good produced. — 13. Dilapidated condition of the structure. - Difficulty of repairing it. — 14. John di Nocera and his wife Petruccia page 62 NOTE on Petruccia page 74 CHAPTER V. THE WONDERFUL APPARITION 1. The 25 th of April, the feast of Genazzano. — 2. Its celebration in 1467. - Condition of the Church of Santa Maria that day. — 3. Petruccia. — 4. Her triumph complete. — 6. The people hear music in the air. - The white cloud appears. - Rests on the unfinished walls. — 6. An Image is disclosed to all. - The words. - The excitement. - The miracles. — 7. The bells rung by supernatural agency. — 8. The coming of u all Italy » to the Sanctuary. - Completion of the Church and convent. — 9. Death of Petruccia. - Her burial. - Monument. — 10. Proofs placed after narration page 75 CHAPTER VI. THE SACRED IMAGE 1. Did it come from Paradise?- Its beauty. — 2. Notice of it by the Church. — 3. Its nature, size, colours, and art value. — 4. Position of the figures. - The Mother. - The Child. — 5. Expression melancholy. - Reason. — 6. Picture agrees with traditional account of Mary's appearance and likeness to Jesus. — 7. Notice of miraculous changes in colour. - Experience of the writer. — 8. Testimony of Vasquez, Bacci, RodotA. — 9. Formal statement of Luigi Tosi and others page 83 CHAPTER VII. THE MIRACULOUS TRANSLATION 1. The people of Genazzano undeceived. — 2. The Pilgrims from Albania. — 3. Their names. — 4. Their story. — 5. True history of the Translation. - Its coming to Scutari. — 6. Decay of devotion to it in Albania. - Scanderbeg. — 7. Prayer of the pilgrims. — Orders of Mary. — 9. The Image in air, followed by pilgrims, leaves Scutari. — 10. Miraculous passage of the Adriatic. — 11. The Image disappears at Rome - Pilgrims' grief. — 12. News reaches Rome of the wonderful apparition. - They find the Image. — 13. They live and die, and leave their families in Genazzano page 103 CHAPTER VIII. SCANDERBEG AND ALBANIA 1. Reason for this chapter. - Description of Albania. - Physical features - Fortresses. — 2. It is Christianized - Leans to schism. - Is punished with the Greeks. — 3. The condition of the East. - Its destruction by Mahomedanism. — 4. Conduct of the West. - The Turks. - Their early Caliphs. - Conquest of the European East. — 5. Rise of Scanderbeg. - His captivity under Amurath II. - The Janizaries. - Education of Scanderbeg. - His military genius and position with the Sultan. - Abandons the Turks. - Frees Albania. — 6. Efforts of Amurath's generals and armies against him fruitless. - Amurath with 200,000 men defeated at Croja, dies of a broken heart in consequence. — 7. Evident protection of Mary. — 8. Fall of Constantinople. — 9. Efforts of Mahomet's generals against Scanderbeg, defeated always - Truce. — 10. Scanderbeg in Italy. — 11. Truce broken. - Scanderbeg defeats the whole force of Mahomet in person. — 12. Gives Scutari to the Venetians. — 13. Scanderbeg's dying hours at Lissa. - Miraculous recovery and defeat of the last effort of the Turks. - His death. - Tradition regarding the sacred Image in Albania. page 112 NOTES On certain notices of Scanderbeg, especially that in Chambers's Encyclopaedia page 123 CHAPTER VIII. (continued) OVERTHROW OF ISLAM 1. State of Europe. — 2. Heresy of Luther. - Siege of Rhodes by Soliman. - Of Vienna. - Conduct of Charles V. — 3. Sack of Rome. - Divisions of Christendom. — 4. Effect of the Miraculous Translation on the Church. — 5. On the Saracens. - Victories of the Christians. — 6. Mark Antony Colonna. - St. Pius V. — 7. Destruction of the Turkish fleet at Lepanto. — 8. Triumph to Colonna. — 9. Turks on land. - They invade Austria. - Take Candia. - Are favoured by the divisions of the Christian princes. — ; 10. Innocent XI. - His unavailing efforts to unite them. — 11. Orders the sacred Image to be crowned. — 12. Effects. - Powers unite. - Sobieski and Charles of Lorrain join. - Turks utterly defeated at Mohats. — 13. The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel victorious over Islam page 135 CHAPTER IX. PROOFS OF THE APPARITION 1. Unanimity of historians regarding facts given. — 2. Proofs examined by Vatican Archivists. — 3. Loss of early documents. — 4. Investigation ordered by Paul II. — 5. Vatican Codex. — 6. Testimony of Coriolanus. — 7. Registry of miracles. - Prayer of the copyist. — 8. Documents relative to Petruccia. — 9. Ancient inscriptions on the church and holy Chapel. — 10. Proofs of the manner of the coming of the sacred Image. — 11. Ancient works on the subject. — 12. The donations of Sixtus IV. and Cardinal D'Estouteville page 145 NOTE on Father Mariano of Genazzano page 148 " Original of the prayer of the copyist of the first record miracles 161 " Senni on Petrnccia" 166 " on the churches built in Rome by Sixtus IV. and Cardinal D'Estouteville in honour of the coming of the Madonna 174 " on the hopes of finding additional documents 178 CHAPTER X. PROOFS OF THE TRANSLATION 1. Quality of the testimony of the pilgrims. — 2. Silence of written, coeval documents. - Examination. - Papal delegation. — 3. Agreement between the pilgrims' narrative and that of other Albanians. — 4. The two parties in Genazzano. - Quotation from Senni in reference to them. — B. Regarding the action of Sixtus IV. — 6. Deductions from the action of the Pope. — 7. Value of the different titles of the Madonna as evidence. — 8. The tradition in Genazzano. - Devotion of the Albanians in Italy. - Early writers. — 9. Pilgrimage of Urban VIII. - Testimony of Colonna, Duke of Paliano and his secretary. — 10. Testimony on oath of the oldest inhabitants of Genazzano in 1779. — 11. Family tree of the descendants of the pilgrim Giorgio page 179 CHAPTER XI. THE ALBANIAN TRADITION 1. Reasons why no evidence of the miraculous translation was obtained after the fall of Scutari. — 2. Nature of Turkish conquests. - Condition of the vanquished. — 3. Surveillance over Scutari. — 4. Its relaxation. - Immediate information regarding the sacred Image. — 5. Letter of Count Stephen Medin regarding the translation. — 6. Inquiries made this century. — 7. Letter of Father Mariano of Palmanova. — 8. Letter from Monsgr. Radoja, V. G. of Scutari. — 9. More recent and hitherto inedited documents. — 10. Conclusion page 200 CHAPTER XII. MIRACLES AT THE SHRINE 1. More wonderful than in Scutari. — 2. Grace-producing power. — 3. Temporal benefits. — 4. Objections against shrines met. — 5. The first 161 miracles and others registered. — 6. Impossibility of registering all. — 7. A miraculous cure witnessed by the writer at the Shrine in 1882. — 8. Difficulties of finding proofs obviated. — 9. Documents attesting sickness and cure of Lydia Vernini. — 10. Another miracle. — 11. Proved by time. — 12. Other miracles. — 13. Incredulous punished. — 14. The arrow of the Hungarian. — 15. Preservation of the Colonnas. — 16. Resurrection of the dead. — 17. Release of a criminal condemned to decapitation in Sienna. — 18. Liberation from devils - Records of unregistered miracles. — 19. Miraculous liberation of Cardinal Acton. — 20. Remarkable preservation of Genazzano from cholera and plague. — 21. A pilgrimage saves Capranica from cholera. — 22. Genazzano freed from many public calamities. page 233 NOTE regarding the position of the sacred Image page 233 CHAPTER XIII. MIRACULOUS COPIES 1. Early copies. - Degrees of likeness to the original. — 2. Copy in Genoa. - Its history. - Its coming saves the city from ruin. — 3. Ancient copy at Modena. — 4. Copies in Calabria. — 5. At Monte Cassiano. — 6. At Frosinone. — 7. In Rome. — 8. Miraculous copy in the Campo Santo of the Vatican. — 9. In Naples. - Buonanno. - Fr. Modestino. - Holy Cross of Lucca etc. — 10. Outside Italy. - Copy at Madrid which spoke to St. Aloysius. - Honoured by supreme Councils of Spain. — 11. Bavaria. — 12. Austria. — 13. Belgium. — 14. A city with a fac-simile of the church and sacred Image and called Genazzano, in South America. — 15. Letter of Father Belgrano regarding the celebrated copy at Prague page 291 NOTE of De Orgio on miracnlons copies page 306 CHAPTER XIV. DEVOTION OF POPES ETC. 1. Devotion of all classes to the Shrine. — 2. Of the Popes. — 3. Paul II. — 4. The Cardinal Rovere. — B. Privilege granted to Father Mariano of Grenazzano. - Other favours. - Pius V. - Innocent XI. - 6. Pilgrimage to Grenazzano by Urban VIII. — 7. Centenary of 1667. - Crowning of the Madonna. — 8. Clement XI. - Cardinal Albani's gifts to the Sanctuary. — 9. Subsequent Popes. - Great devotion of Benedict XIV. - Others. — 10. Pilgrimage to the Sanctuary by Pius IX. in 1864. — 11. Leo XIII. — 12. Devotion of crowned heads - The Imperial House of Austria. — 13. The Electress of Saxony's pilgrimage to the Shrine. - Royal families of Bavaria, Spain, Naples. — 14. Gifts of Cardinal Jerome Colonna and others. — 15. Pilgrimages of Cardinals to the Shrine. - Of Cardinal Cappellari, afterwards Gregory XVI. — 16. Noble families. — 17. English speaking Prelates at the Shrine. - Hopes for the devotion page 318 CHAPTER XV. PILGRIMAGES TO THE SHRINE 1. Religious customs of purely Catholic nations ill understood in Protestant countries. - Want of reason in this. — 2. The people of Italy in their manner of worshipping Our Lady of Grenazzano. — 3. Pilgrims and pilgrimages. — 4. The pilgrimages from afar on the great feasts of the Sanctuary. — 5. The Church on these occasions. - The Confessions. - The Communions. — 6. Deep religion of the pilgrims. — 7. The waiting for the twenty - second hour. — 8. The festa in the town. - Conduct of the pilgrims. — 9. Who they are and why they come. — 10. The merit in their act. - Its warranty and antiquity. — 11. The reason in it. — 12. The Pilgrims on the road. 13. The formation, gathering, and departure of each company. — 14. Devotional works directing them, - Father Belgrano's advices. - Prayers to be said before setting out and on the road. — 15. Pilgrims met upon the road. — 16. Action of each band on seeing Genazzano. - Prayer to Mary. — 17. Entering the town. - Going to the Sanctuary. — 18. Cardinal Castracani's attempts at "improving the occasion" by preaching. - His failure. — 19. The pilgrims at the Shrine. — 20. Asking for graces. - An instance. — 21. Pilgrims at night. - At early morn. — 22. Grief and tears of the pilgrims leaving. - Retiring backwards from the Sacred Image. — 23. The pilgrims' return home. — 24. Efforts of the Revolutionary Government to stop the pilgrimages to Genazzano. - The officer appointed to stop them. — 25. Grief of the dispersed pilgrims. - Disquiet of the Italian population grows dangerous , and pilgrimages allowed to take their course. — 26. Fate of the officer who dispersed the pilgrims. - Opinion of the people thereupon page 337 CHAPTER XVI. APOSTLES OF THE DEVOTION 1. The Augustinians. - Their history. - Their saints. — 2. Celebrities in the past. - Position in Rome. — 3. Their Cardinal Protector. - Cardinals in Curia. — 4. Living, learned professors. — 5. The Yen. Menochio, Sacristan and Companion of Pius VII. - The Ven. Bellesini, the modern Apostle of Genazzano. — 6. Devotion of their Generals to the Sanctuary. — 7. The Sanctuary a the apple of the eye » of the order. — 8. General Vasquez. — 9. Commissary General Neno. — 10. Augustinians at the Sanctuary. - Remarks of Buonanno. — 11. Why Our Lady of Good Counsel selected the Augustinians and their church of Genazzano. — 12. The devotion not confined to the Augustinians. — 13. St. Alphonsus Mary di Liguori and the Redemptorists. — 14. The Image of the Virgin Mother of Good Counsel "his heart" . — 15. Graces received. - The dying sinner at Avenzo. — 16. Devotion of Redemptorista in Belgium page 362 CHAPTER XVII. CANON BACCI 1. Other Apostles. — 2. Devotion of Andrew Bacci, Canon of St. Mark's. — 3. His works. — 4. His celebrated letter. — 6. Image at St. Mark's. — 6. His death at the Sanctuary. - His epitaphs page 383 CHAPTER XVIII. DON STEPHEN ANDREA RODOTA 1. Devotion of the Albanians in Italy. — 2. Their colony in Calabria. — 3. Their Apostle, Don Stephen Andrea Rodote. — 4. Letter regarding his labours from Don John Francis Avato, to Father De Orgio page 399 NOTE on Italian titles to the clergy page 400 CHAPTER XIX. THE PROPER MASS AND OFFICE 1. Value of granting a Proper Mass and Office as a proof of the approval of the Church. — 2. First Office granted in 1727. — 3. The Proper Office sought for. — 4. Delay in granting it to Loreto. — 5. Genazzano more favoured. — 6. Investigation. - Proper Mass and Office granted in 1789. — 7. Description of the liturgy. — 8. The Proper Office from the Roman Breviary. — 9. Its extension through the devotion of many bishops, relig- ious orders, and people page 414 CHAPTER XX. INDULGENCES AT THE SHRINE 1. Privileged Altars. — 2. Votive Proper Mass. — 3. Plenary Indulgences. — Partial Indulgences page 432 CHAPTER XXI. THE PIOUS UNION 1. Feeling of loving regret, on the part of those who visit the Shrine when leaving. - Instances. - Urban VIII. and others. — 2. An every day instance. — 3. Rise, therefore, of the Pious Union. — 4. Its advantages for those not able to visit the Shrine. — 5. Its duties. — 6. Its approval by Benedict XIV. who became its first member. — 7. His example useful for pastors of souls and other superiors. — 8. His Brief Injunctae nobis in the original Latin and in English. — 9. Value of this Bull, as warranting the facts of the Miraculous Translation from Scutari. — 10. Example of Benedict XIV. followed by many. — French Revolution. — 12. Present position of the Pious Union. — 13. Increase of indulgences in 1860. — 14. Duties. — 15. Indulgences Plenary and Partial. — 16. Special advantages to members given by the guardians of the Sanctuary page 436 CHAPTER XXII. THE CHURCH AND SANCTUARY 1. The old church. — 2. The old alto-rilievo in marble of Our Lady of Good Counsel. — 3. The Sanctuary. — 4. The church of Father Felix Leoncelli of Cave. — 5. Subsequent improvements. - Works by Canon Bacci. — 6. The convent built by Prior Bosca. - The ejection of the religious from it by the Revolutionists. — 7. Improvements by Vasquez and others. — 8. Consequences to church and convent on the coming of the French and Bonaparte to the Papal States. - Valuables contributed to the exactions from Pius VI. — 9. New exactions t>f the French from the Pontiff and new contributions from the Sanctuary. - Lists. — 10. The French take Borne and carry off the Pope to France. - Final spoliation of the Sanctuary. - List of valuables taken. — 11. Some objects restored. - Fate of sacrilegious spoliators. — 12. Santa Maria during Napoleon's tyranny. — 13. Its rise on the return of Pius VII. — 14. Improvements effected by Father Fanucchi. — 15. Cardinal Pedicini renovates the Sanctuary. - Its frescoes and artists page 467 NOTE on the paintings in the church page 487 CHAPTER XXIII. DEVOTION OF THE ITALIAN PEOPLE 1. Extent of devotion to Our Lady in Italy. — 2. Its manifestations. — 3. Exhibition of it in works of genius. — 4. Practical devotion of the people. — B. Open manifestation. - Shrines. - Their number. — 6. The people as such "saturated" with devotion to Mary. - Proofs. - Churches, chapels, sanctuaries, houses, streets, shops, familiar discourse, exclamations. — 7. Objections made about the Sunday in Italy. - The condition of the Church and the Holy Father etc. etc. — 8. Damage done outside Italy by these objections. - Notwithstanding their want of reason. — 9. Answer in brief. — 10. Explanation about the "Sabbath" . — 11. "Externalism" in religion. - The Italian Catholio's day. - The early morning Masses. - Practices of piety. - A reason for the existence of beggars. — 12. Purity of the Italian Catholics. — 13. The Clergy of Italy. - Slanders of the Protestant press. - Reason of the number of the clergy. - The Regulars. - The Cloister. — 14. The Seculars. - Their selection. - Training in the world. — 15. Religion in great cities. - In Rome. — 16. Conclusion page 491 CHAPTER XXIV. THE WORSHIP OF MARY 1. Its effects. — 2. Shipwreck in faith through its absence. — 3. Need of Good Counsel from Mary. — 4. The doctrine of the worship and invocation of Mary. — B. An objection in the Protestant mind. — 6. The nature of the Catholic worship of God and His saints explained. — 7. The knowledge of our affairs and the interest in them of the angels and saints. - Their power with God. - Admission of Protestants. — 8. Mary's superior dignity . - In Her creation. — 9. The progress of Her merit. — Her childhood. - Her condition before the Annunciation. — 10. Her merit after. — 11. Her trials. — 12. Her merit from them. — 13. An ordinary objection met. — 14. Utility of prayer to the saints and especially to Mary. — 15. Mary left by Jesus to us at the Cross. - Her love. — 16. Value of the honour paid Her. — 17. Necessity for devotion to Mary in these times. — 18. Mary opposed to Satan's arts in our days. — 19. Her quality as Virgin Mother of Good Counsel page 607 APPENDIX CHAPTER XXV. THE ALTAR OF THE CRUCIFIXION Page 636 CHAPTER XXVI. SAN PIO 1. Circumstances favouring the extension of devotion to the Virgin Mother of Good Counsel. — 2. Purchase of San Pio for the Irish Augustinians by Prior Glynn. - Its destination. — 3. Situation of its buildings. — 4. Its grounds, the site of the Imperial Antonine Villa. — 8. Ancient aqueducts. - Their uses for baths and fish-ponds. — 6. Size of the Villa. - Balmy air. - Distinguished occupants. — 7. Genazzano, the Palace of the Colonnas etc. built from its ruins, — 8. The villa of Ovid adjoining its grounds. - His banishment decreed because of occurrences which took place there. - iEneas Sylvius (Pius II.) weeps over the ruins. — 9. Pius II. through Father Philip da Massa founds St. Pio. — 10. Reasons for calling the convent by that name. - Oddo Colonna, Pope Martin V. builds the church of St. Nicholas and floors St. John Lateran from the ruins. — 11. The Capuchins settled in them before the Conventuals. - The Architect of San Pio. - Plan of its church and monastery. — 12. The Conventuals hold San Pio until the coming of the French under Bonaparte. - Suppression. - Return. — 13. Final suppression. — 14. Circumstances of its purchace by Prior Glynn. — IB. The Irish Augustinian students there, a guard of honour to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Good Counsel. — 16. Its alumni destined to carry the Gospel abroad. — 17. The words of Leo XIII. to the Bishop of Sandhurst and Prior Glynn. - Irish generosity. - Subscriptions. - Altai's. — Article from Dublin Freeman page 640 CHAPTER XXVII. ROMAN ECCLESIASTICAL EDUCATION 1. Words of the Holy Father in encouragement of a Roman ecclesiastical education. — 2. Irish faith. — 3. Its perpetuity in distant lands, interested in a Roman ecclesiastical education. — 4. Review of the past connection of Rome and Ireland. — B. The days of religious persecution. — 6. Colleges established for the Irish by the Pontiffs. - Houses given in Rome to the Irish Dominicans. - Father John O'Connor. - To the Augustinians. - To the Franciscans. - Father Luke Wadding. - The Irish College. - Cardinal Ludovisi. - Jesuits, Carmelites and other religious orders. - Houses elsewhere for the Irish. — 7. Benefits of a Roman education to Irish faith. — 8. Help from the Popes for education in Ireland. — 9. Knowledge obtained of Ireland's wants by the Holy See. — 10. Colleges in Rome for England and Scotland. — 11. Greater necessity now than before. — 12. State of the Church in distant colonies. — IB. General dangers intensified at a distance. — 14. The best possible ecclesiastical education obtainable anywhere to be had in Rome. — IB. Reasons. - Unity increased by the love the student has for his Alma Mater. — 16. Effects of Rome on a student. - The past and present Rome. — 17. Retrospect of the Roman theological schools. - The Catacombs. - The period of the early Councils and early Fathers. - The middle ages. — 18. Roman ecclesiastical education in our own days.— Students of various nationalities in the city. - Their manner of life. — 19. The great schools of Rome. - Recent events not able to disturb ecclesiastical learning. - The Sapienza and its chairs. - Transferred to the Apol- linare. — 20. Other schools. - The Dominicans at the Minerva. - The^Roman College. — 21. Th6 Propaganda. — 22. Other schools. — 23. Students as seen in Rome. — 24. Utility in their association. — 2B. Canon Law in Rome. — 26. Association with the Roman clergy. — 27. Value of a student's recreation in Rome. - Christian and Pagan monuments. — 28. Student's vacations. — 29. A College for Australia in Rome page 660 Note on the English speaking Colleges of Borne page 595 " St. Isidore's Irish Franciscan College 595 " St. Angnstine's old Irish College 597 " The Dominican Irish College of San Clemente 597 " The Irish Secular College 601 " The North American College 603 " The English College 603 " The Scotch College 604 " Spoliation of the Propaganda 605 CHAPTER XXVIII. THE IRISH AUGUSTINIANS 1. Augustinians, the Guardians of the Sanctuary and propagators of devotion to Our Lady of Good Counsel everywhere else, will be so in English speaking lands. — 2. Their position in England and Ireland in the past. - Their suppression. - Persecutions. — 3. Their condition during the penal days in Ireland. — 4. Love of the Irish for the Augustinians. - Its reason. - Bishop Comerford. — 5. Their condition when toleration was first granted to Catholics. — 6. Famous Augustinians. - Dr. Gahan O. S. A. - His sermons. - His Catholic Piety. - His Church History etc. — 7. Dr. Doyle Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin. — 8. The Augustinian novitiate in Grantstown in which he was professed. - Coimbra. - Effect of Dr. Doyle's writings on English statesmen. — 9. Other Irish Augustinians 10. Foundation of the American Province. - Its progress. - Present condition. — 11. Action of Irish Augustinians in Australia. — 12. Mgr. James Alipius Goold, first Bishop and Archbishop of Melbourne. — 13. Reasons of his going to Australia. - Condition of the Catholics in the penal settlements of New Holland. - Their sufferings. - Archpriest O'Flynn sent by Rome^and sent back by the Governor. — 14. Father Therry. — IB. His works for the scattered Catholics. - His influence and labours. - Consequences to Catholicity. — 16. Appointment of the first Bishop and coming of Father Goold. - His works as a missionary and appointment as first Bishop of Melbourne. - His career as Bishop and Archbishop. — 17. Monsgr. Crane first Bishop of Sandhurst. — 18. Conclusion. 608 NOTE ON THE SACRED CONGREGATION OF THE PROPAGANDA FIDE AND ITS RECENT SPOLIATION 647 Digitized by Google. Description based on print version record Electronic reproduction Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002 digitized