The annotated critical Laozi

"Chen Guying's Laozi dissects different versions of the Laozi and provides close readings of traditional and contemporary commentaries, from Han Fei, Wang Bi, and Heshang Gong through to Shi Deqing, Xu Kangsheng and Ding Yuanzhi. This book completely changed Laozi studies in China, where no serious student or scholar can ignore Chen's amazing work. It is the standard interpretation of the Laozi at nearly every Chinese university. The English translation provided here seeks to accurately reflect the detail of Chen's meticulous work by providing multiple English translations of key characters, allowing the reader to follow complex Sinological arguments. The close "word-for-character" translation of the Laozi text enables scholars to interact with the Laozi on a level previously unavailable in English"